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Minggu, 05 April 2009

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS IN AGROINDUSTRY

1. Waste Water Treatment Process in Palm Oil Industry
Waste water treatment process in palm oil industry usually use conventional biological treatment. Generally, we can separate to two type of treatment system in palm oil industry; a) biological treatment with land application, and b) biological treatment without land application. In biological treatment with land application, the waste water or famous as palm oil mill effluent (POME) was treated until anaerobic digestion after that spread to the plantation as an irrigation water and liquid fertilizer. Now, biological treatment with land application is a common waste water treatment system in palm oil industry. The biological treatment without land application system is the old waste water treatment system in palm oil industry. In this system the target of waste water treatment process is to reach the effluent standard. After anaerobic digestion, the POME was treated in facultative pond, aerobic pond, and some time use sand bad filter. This system needs a lot of energy for aeration and using this system we loss a lot of organic materials.


2. Green House Gas Emission from Lagoon in Palm Oil Mill Waste Water Treatment Plant
Due to the waste water treatment process including anaerobic pond, the POME treatment has potential to produce green house gas emission. Decomposition of organic matters through anaerobic digestion will produce methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which are green house gas. The emission of methane and carbon dioxide from lagoon of POME treatment were measured in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII unit Palm Oil Mill Bekri, Lampung Indonesia.


3. Waste Water Treatment Process in Sugarcane Industry
Waste water treatment process in sugarcane industry use conventional biological treatment. As a case study we observed the waste water treatment plant in PT. Gunung Madu Pantations, Lampung Indonesia. The wastewater treatment plant of PT. Gunung Madu Pantations has total area about 8.0 Ha with 11 ponds and total volume capacity approximately 244,000 m3. The hydraulic retention time of sugarcane wastewater was designed about 60 days to reduce the concentration of waste water until reach national standard. Stage of process in waste water treatment plant of PT. Gunung Madu Pantations was designed as follow: oil-solid separation → equalization → anaerobic digestion → facultative decomposition with added degrading bacteria) → aerobic decomposition → stabilization. Before discharge the waste water to river (Way Putak), the treated waste water should be through monitor pond with has fish as a bio-indicator. If the treated wastewater has concentration lower than effluent standard and has no problems with fish in monitor pond, the treated wastewater can discharge to the river.


4. Green House Gas Emission from Lagoon in Sugar Cane Waste Water Treatment Plant
Due to the waste water treatment process in sugarcane industry including anaerobic pond, the waste water treatment has potential to produce green house gas emission. Like in palm oil mill waste water treatment, decomposition of organic matters from sugarcane waste water through anaerobic digestion also will produce methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The emission of methane and carbon dioxide from lagoon of sugarcane waste water treatment were measured in PT. Gunung Madu Plantations, Lampung Indonesia. Location of sampling points are only in anaerobic pond (Figure 7) because in equalization pond, facultative pond and aerobic pond, the surface aerators were used for mixing (in equalization pond) and for supply oxygen.


5. Waste Water Treatment Process in Tapioca Industry
Waste water treatment process in tapioca industry also use conventional biological treatment. As a case study we observed the waste water treatment plant in PT. Umas Jaya Agrotama, Terbanggi Lampung Indonesia. The wastewater treatment plant of PT. Umas Jaya Agrotama, Terbanggi has total area about 11.8 Ha with 15 ponds and total volume capacity approximately 352,872 m3. The hydraulic retention time of tapioca wastewater was designed about 100 days to reduce the concentration of waste water until reach national standard. Stage of process in waste water treatment plant of PT. Umas Jaya Agrotama, Terbanggi was designed as follow: sedimentation pond, anaerobic pond, facultative pond, aerobic pond, and monitor pond. The treated waste water should be through monitor pond with has fish as a bio-indicator. If the treated wastewater has concentration lower than effluent standard and has no problems with fish in monitor pond, the treated wastewater can discharge to the river.


6. Green House Gas Emission from Lagoon in Tapioca Waste Water Treatment Plant
Due to the waste water treatment process in tapioca industry including anaerobic pond, the waste water treatment has potential to produce green house gas emission. Like in palm oil mill waste water treatment, decomposition of organic matters from tapioca waste water through anaerobic digestion also will produce methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The emission of methane and carbon dioxide from lagoon of tapioca waste water treatment were measured in PT. Umas Jaya Agrotama, Terbanggi, Lampung Indonesia. Location of sampling points is in anaerobic pond nomer 3, 4, and 5.


7. Waste Water Treatment Process in Rubber Industry
Rubber industry in Lampung province produce crumb rubber and rubber smoke sheet from latex as raw material. This process consumed a lot of water and of course will produce a lot of waste water (25-30 m3 per ton latex). The waste water contain high concentration of organic matters which indicated by high concentration of BOD and COD. The characteristics of rubber waste water are shown in Table 7. Considering to the characteristics and the amount of rubber waste water, waste water treatment process in rubber industry also use conventional biological treatment and followed by reuse of treated waste water as process water in the factory. As a case study we observed the waste water treatment plant in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Rubber Factory Kedaton, Lampung Indonesia. The wastewater treatment plant of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Rubber Factory Kedaton, Lampung Indonesia has total area about 6 Ha with 9 ponds and total volume capacity approximately 55,806 m3. The hydraulic retention time of rubber wastewater was designed about 66 days to reduce the concentration of waste water until reach national standard and reuse again the treated waste water as process water. Stage of process in waste water treatment plant of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VII Unit Rubber Factory Kedaton was designed as follow: Rubber trap, anaerobic pond, facultative pond, aerobic pond, and recycle pond.


8. Green House Gas Emission from Lagoon in Rubber Industry Waste Water Treatment Plant
Considering to the characteristics of waste water and waste water treatment in rubber industry, the rubber industry has potential to produce green house gas. Table 8 shown that, theoretically rubber industry has highest potential to produce methane per ton raw material. But, due to the capacity of rubber factory relatively low, only about 30 ton raw materials per day, the potential of methane production from rubber factory become the lowest in agro-industry.


REFERENCES :
Handout Wastewater Technology Of Agroindustry Departemen Of Postharvest Technology Lampung University by : Dr.Eng Udin Hasanuddin

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